Jo Wei
Gene Editing
Eight years (2012–2020), the time it took to develop the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, is the shortest period from invention to award in the history of the Nobel Prize. CRISPR/Cas9 is a classic example of technological acceleration, and it has inspired commentary and critique from all sides. First, from a technological perspective, the importance of CRISPR/Cas9 is unparalleled. Like the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), it has become a foundational molecular biotechnology used every day. When it is fused with synthetic biology, neuroscience, and precision medicine, CRISPR/Cas9 will usher in an era of everyday self-modification on a molecular level.
Second, from an ethical perspective, the controversy over a gene-edited baby in 20181 tripped the early warning system, prompting the simultaneous updating and monitoring of the legal, social governance, and science education systems. This event prompted an unprecedented passion for science education among gene editing scientists. The response from the public has been very prompt. For example, the publication of Heritable Human Genome Editing (2020) was an effective response from the scientific community.
More profoundly, in a cultural sense, a new molecular biopolitics has begun. In the future, when people speak about identity, it will not just be limited to external, physiological characteristics, such as skin color, sex, or ethnicity; it will dive deep into the rights and secrets of a specific gene. In addition, this may produce a true non-anthropocentrism. In Posthuman, Rosi Braidotti wrote, “Zoe-centered egalitarianism is, for me, the core of the post-anthropocentric turn.”2 Zoe is a horizontal force that reconnects species, categories, and fields that have previously been isolated. Her formulation no longer simply reflects an egalitarianism rooted in a romantic vision; gene editing offers technological support for the posthuman in its true sense.
- [1] In 2018, He Jiankui, an associate professor of biology at China's Southern University of Science and Technology, and his team used gene-editing technology to modify the CCR5 gene in the embryonic cells of twin babies, aiming to give them immunity against part of the AIDS virus. The action sparked a major controversy. On 30 December 2019, the gene-edited baby incident was publicly sentenced in the first trial at the Shenzhen Nanshan District People's Court. He Jiankui was sentenced to three years' imprisonment and fined RMB three million for illegal practice of medicine.
- [2] Rosi Braidotti, The Posthuman, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013: 60.